📝 Mid-Term Exam Questions (Previous Years)¶

!!! info "Exam Pattern" - Total Marks: 30 - Duration: 1 hour 45 minutes - Pattern: Questions 1, 2, 3 mandatory; Answer 4 OR 5

Mid-Term Exam - Spring 2022 (BIO3105_Mid_221)¶

Question 1 (Mandatory)¶

Part	Question	Marks	CO
(a)	For a reversible denaturation sketch an irreversible denatured quaternary protein.	1	CO1
(b)	Sketch a diagram showing MgCl₂ dissolve inside water.	2	CO1
(c)	Sketch Lewis diagram for C₂H₅COOH and O₂N-NO₂.	3	CO1
(d)	What are the names of the fields in modern biology where you can apply machine learning?	2	CO1
(e)	What are the possible combinations of genetic code where only Thymine is fixed in the second place of the codon?		CO1

Question 2 (Mandatory)¶

Part	Question	Marks	CO
(a)	Do you think there is a correlation between mother's age and down syndrome? Give details in a sample diagram.	2	CO3
(b)	Suppose you are visiting Jasper in a Canadian summer. Grizzly bear approached your tent when you were camping. How do you think you would respond to the sound of it? Explain using a feature of life.	2.5	CO3
(c)	Which organelle works in your immune system? List its functions.	2.5	CO3
(d)	Do you think RNA could be your genetic material? Give logic behind your answer.	2.5	CO3
(e)	The brown eye form of the eye color gene (or allele) is dominant, whereas the blue eye allele is recessive. If you see 75% of the second generation children have brown eyes, what were the traits of the actual parents (2 generations before)?	2.5	CO3

Question 3 (Mandatory)¶

Part	Question	Marks	CO
(a)	How do you think a DNA of some meters can be fitted inside a cell of nm scale?	2	CO3
(b)	Give logical explanation on how a degraded ecosystem affects the ecosystem core?	4	CO2
(c)	Give details on how your body structure resembles with your grandfather. Please use the understanding from DNA and/or RNA structure.	4	CO2

Question 4 (Choose 4 OR 5)¶

Part	Question	Marks	CO
(a)	Give a pictorial view of differences and similarities of Metaphase and Metaphase I. As Kangaroo is diploid dominant, sketch its life cycle showing that dominant factor.	4	CO2
(b)	Explain the possible cause of cancer using a diagram. What could be the apparent reasons behind cancer?	4	CO2

Mid-Term Exam - Summer 2023 (BIO3105_Mid_232)¶

Question 1 (Mandatory)¶

Part	Question	Marks	CO
(a)	Why animal cell membrane is flexible?	1	CO1
(b)	Mention the characteristics of genetic code.	2	CO1
(c)	Differentiate between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell.	2	CO1
(d)	Name the nitrogenous base of DNA and RNA.	2	CO1

Question 2 (Mandatory)¶

Part	Question	Marks	CO
(a)	Apply your input as a computer science engineer in tissue engineering? Design a probable project in that area with a few words.	3	CO2
(b)	The dominant gene for eyes creates a black eye, while a recessive gene creates ash one. If you see 75% of the second-generation children have black eye, determine the phenotype and genotype.	2	CO2
(c)	Predict the reasons for chromosomal anomalies. Give some examples for numerical chromosomal anomalies.	3	CO2

Question 3 (Mandatory)¶

Part	Question	Marks	CO
(a)	Design the Anaphase of Mitosis and Meiosis I in cell division with mentioning the difference.	3	CO3
(b)	Protein, phospholipid and cholesterol are an integral part of cell membrane. Would you implement the ways of transport of the nutrients across cell membranes.	3	CO3
(c)	Calculate the length of DNA double helix in a typical mammalian cell; taken the distance between two consecutive base pairs as 0.34 nm (0.34×10⁻⁹ m) and the total number of bp 6.6 × 10⁹.	2	CO3

Question 4 (Choose 4 OR 5)¶

Part	Question	Marks	CO
(a)	Give logical explanation how structural changes effects the ecosystem?	3	CO4
(b)	Cell structure: Clarify that Golgi Bodies acts as Packaging centres.	4	CO4

Question 5 (Choose 4 OR 5)¶

Part	Question	Marks	CO
(a)	Justify DNA is a stable genetic material in comparison to RNA.	3	CO4
(b)	Explain the importance of check points.	4	CO4

🔑 Key Mid-Term Topics¶

Cell Biology Focus:¶

Topic	Subtopics
Cell Structure	Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic, Cell membrane, Organelles
Cell Division	Mitosis, Meiosis, Anaphase differences
DNA/RNA	Structure, Stability, Genetic material
Genetics	Dominant/Recessive, Punnett square, Chromosomal anomalies

Important Concepts:¶

DNA Length Calculation:¶

Length = Number of base pairs × Distance between base pairs
       = 6.6 × 10⁹ bp × 0.34 × 10⁻⁹ m/bp
       = 2.244 m

Genetic Code Characteristics:¶

Triplet - 3 nucleotides code for 1 amino acid
Universal - Same in all organisms
Degenerate - Multiple codons for same amino acid
Non-overlapping - Codons don't share nucleotides
Unambiguous - Each codon codes for only one amino acid

Nitrogenous Bases:¶

DNA	RNA
Adenine (A)	Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)	Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)	Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)	Uracil (U)

DNA vs RNA Stability:¶

DNA has deoxyribose (more stable)
RNA has ribose with 2'-OH (less stable, prone to hydrolysis)
DNA is double-stranded (more protected)
DNA lacks 2'-OH group making it chemically more stable

75% Brown Eyes Problem (Mendelian Genetics):¶

Result: 3:1 ratio (75% dominant : 25% recessive)
Parents: Both must be heterozygous (Bb × Bb)
Grandparents: Could be BB × bb or Bb × Bb

📊 Mid vs Final Exam Focus¶

Aspect	Mid-Term	Final
Cell Biology	High	Low
DNA/RNA Structure	High	Low
Genetics	High	Medium
Immunity	Low	High
Ecosystem	Medium	High
rDNA/PCR	Low	High
Homeostasis	Low	High

Study Strategy

Mid-term topics (cell biology, genetics, DNA structure) may appear as smaller parts in Final exam, but the main focus shifts to immunity, ecosystem, and molecular biology techniques.